Stain



p position of the general class commonly known- Patented Feb. 7, 1933 UNITED s'r DONAT A. BRODEUR, OF MARLBORO, MASSACHUSETTS STAIN No Drawing.

This invention pertains to paints or stains and while of broader utility is hereinafter described with particular reference to a comas shingle stains, but essentially differs from prior Compositions of this type, so far as is known to me, in its non-drying character.

Stains of this class are commonly of one of two kinds; first,those in which the liquid vehicle for the-pigment is a very thin fluid and of highlyvolatile character, for example, benzol or thejlike; and second, those which more nearly approximate true paints in thatthey employ a drying oilas the vehicle for the. pigment, but neither of these classes of stain is satisfactory, particularly from the standpoint of durability and non-fading qualities. v a I The first of the above types of stain, that is to say,lthat in Which the pigment is carried by a thin, highly volatile fluid is a very unstable suspension of' finely divided (usually mineral) pigment in light and thin liquid, the suspended particles settling Very quickly upon standing so that even in applying the material great care must be exercised to keep itconstantly stirred in order to secure uni form color effects. The very fluid character of such a stain makes it difficult to: apply by brushing,its watery consistency tending to cause it to run freely from the brush with subsequent Waste, and danger of damage to adjacent surfaces or objects, but even more serious is the tendency of this type of stain, (possibly because the fluid which is not actually colored but only suspends the pigment as a multitude of discrete particles) to remainas a thin filmupon the surface of the wood to which it is applied so that when the volatile fluid carrier has evaporated, the thin layer of dry pulverized pigment is readily rubbed off as a surface dust, or washes ofl by rain so that the color soon begins to fade and v the unprotected wood is quickly exposed.

Likewise those stains which have drying oil as the liquid vehicle for the pigment are found not to penetrate the wood to any substantial extent, for thereason that the drying oil apparently oxidizes very rapidly as it 0 enters the minute air filledcellsiof'the woo-d Application filed October 6, 1931. Serial-No. 567,299.

so as to form an effectiveseal againstthe entry or penetration of any substantial quantity of the pigment. Moreover the drying of the surface film produces a dull, dead eflect reducing the brilliancy of the pigment,

and like thefirsttype of stain, such stains are subject to rapid fading and wear due to thefact that only a film of stain covers the surface. Moreover, as such stains consist in large measure of drying oil which is an expensive ingredient, their cost is much higher than is desirable in a compound of this character. V

Furthermore,'neither of the above types of stain is capable, especially in the lighter color shades, of preventing the appearance of what is commonly known as water marks upon the shingles. These marks are probably due to the action of moisture condensed within the wall or behind the shingles and which is reabsorbed by the shingle when the temperature rises, forexample, when the shingle is exposed to the sun. As the moisture moves upwardly through the shingle, it

carries with it the resins and natural coloring of the wood and deposits them close to the sealing surface film of stain where these materials form irregular dark streaks which greatly detract from the appearance of the surface. a a

After long experiment with drying oils and other fluid media as pigment vehicles, I have discovered that results, superior to any thing attainable by previous types of stain may be reached by turning away from the commonly held idea that the stain must necessarily be of a volatile or drying character and purposely employing a liquid vehicle which has no drying properties, but which on the other hand tends to retain its fluid condition indefinitely when exposed to the air or after application to wood or other surfaces. When such a substance, properly selected with respect to its other quantities, is employed for the purpose I find that subsequent to application the stain continues to penetrate the wood, and by actual experiment find that a shingle brushed upon one surface with my improved stain will, after a proper length'of time, be impregnated with the pigment throughout its entire substance. Moreover, the penetrating oily character of the new material is such that shingles impregnated therewith shed water so rapidly that their outer surfaces are never wet; less moisture thus makes its way to the back of the shingle so that the backs of the shingles are less subject to decay; such moisture as condenses at the rear of the shingle is unable to pass outwardly so as to discolor the outer surface the surface coating remains bright and glistening without tendency to become dull; and the improved stain consists of ingredients which are relatively cheap so that the stain may be prepared at low cost while at the same time it has a body comparable to that of thin paint so that it works well under the brush without waste or spat-- tering.

I do not wholly comprehend the underly ing reason for all of these improved results, but believe them to be due in part at least to the fact that the non-drying oil apparently combines so intimately with the oil-ground pigment that its particles themselves may be regarded as colored rather than as merely acting as a suspension medium for the pigment, and that this colored oil being non-drying in character, enters the pores of the wood without hindrance, and by capillary attraction continues to penetrate until the entire shingle is colored.

While I contemplate that certain other nondrying oils may be useful in the manufacture of stains of this character, my experience leads me to believe that the oil known to the trade as No. 5 Parafiin oil (which is a distillate of parafiin base petroleum and is of a substantial body and light color [approximating linseed oil in these respects] and which has a distinct unctuous feel and a boiling point higher than that of kerosene) is best suited for the purpose. This oil is of a distinctly non-drying character. It is light in color so that it may be used with any desired pigment. It is of substantial uniform character, and of low cost as compared with linseed or other drying oils, and it retains the pigment in suspension for substantial periods of time so that no difficulty is experienced in maintaining a proper mixture during application. lVhile I may use this oil alone as the pigment carrying vehicle I find by experiment that the oil alone penetrates the wood more slowly than is desirable, and accordingly I prefer to combine with it a small proportion of a thinner oil, preferably of volatile character, for example, the petroleum distillate known to the trade as the V. M. P. Naptha. However, I apprehend that the amount of naphtha employed must not greatly exceed the proportions hereinafter more definitely stated, and which I have found by experiment appears to give most satisfactory results.

The oil which I employ is included Within the general class of oils known as paraflin oils and the properties of commercial paraffin oils as compared with the properties of kero- While I contemplate the use of a pigment of other character, I believe the best results can only be obtained by using pigments first ground in oil, such as is employed in the manufacture of paints in general, though I believe that in place of the linseed oil usually employed in grinding paint, it would be possible and perhaps preferable to employ paraflin oil, such as above described, but since the oil employed in grinding the pigment is of relatively small amount, its specific character is apparently of little import.

In preparing the new composition and in order to obtain the best and most eflicient action I prefer to heat the paraflin oil approximately to 140 whereafter the proper amount of pigment ground in oil to which the naphtha has been added is mixed with the hot paraffin oil by vigorous stirring until the pigment is uniformly dispersed, this dispersion usually taking but a short time. As stated the naphtha is preferably first mixed with the pigment ground in oil before addition to the hot paraffin oil, but I contemplate that the naphtha may be added to the mixture at any desired time, for example, after the mingled pigment and paraffin oil mixture has cooled.

The composition which I found best suited to the purpose consists substantially of one gallon of No. 5 Paraffin oil, 16 ounces of V. M. P. Naphtha, and the proper amount of pigment ground in oil to give the desired depth of color.

Thus, upon the basis of one gallon of No. 5 Paraffin oi]. combined with 16 ounces of naphtha, I may prepare various colors of stain by adding any of the following ingredients, respectively BZue.One pound of Prussian blue ground Siloer grag/.One pound of white lead ground in oil Green.-

Per cent Chrome green 20 Barium sulphate 40 Aluminum silicate 40 all ground together in oil substantially in the proportion of 20% oil to 100% pigment;- Br0wn.Raw Turkey umber No. 31

ground in oil Dark green.1 pounds of natural green ground in oil.

Obviously any desired color may be ob-' tained by the use of proper pigments, all as is well known to the trade and as may be inferred from the above specific examples which are herein given for illustrative purposes, but without any intent thereby to limit the invention to the particular colors above mentioned. 7 1

While I have herein made reference to application of the stain by means of a brush, do this as merely illustrative of one way of applying the material, but wish it to be understood that my new stain is applicable by any of the usual methods, for example, dipping or spraying. Moreover, while I have hereinabove described certain specific materials, I wish it to be understood that equivalents thereof capable of obtaining the same results may be substituted therefor and the proportions may be varied within reasonable limits without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. A non-drying stain comprising a lightcolored paraflin oil having a higher boiling point than that of kerosene, of substantial body, and having an unctuous feel, combined with pigment ground in oil.

2. A non-drying stain comprising a paraffin oil of light color, unctuous feel and capable of retaining pigment in suspension for a considerable period of time, combined with a relatively small quantity of a volatile thinner and pigment ground in oil.

3. A shingle stain comprising clean and light-colored No. 5 Parafiin oil having an unctuous feel and a boiling point higher than that of kerosene, combined with V. M. P. Naphtha in substantially the proportions of one gallon of oil to sixteen ounces of naphtha, together with pigment ground in oil.

4. A non-drying shingle stain composition consisting of clean, light-colored paraffin oil of unctuous feel, naphtha, and pigment ground in oil, in substantially the following proportions: No. 5 Paraffin oil, one gallon; V. M. P. Naphtha, 16 ounces; pigment ground in oil, approximately one pound.

5. A non-drying shingle stain consisting of No. 5 Paraflin oil, naphtha, and pigment in substantially the following proportions: Paraflin oil, one gallon; naphtha, 16 ounces; coloring, one to two pounds, (the coloring being ground in oil in the proportion of substantially 100% color to 20% oil).

6. That method of making non-drying stain which comprises preparing pigment by grinding it in oil, mixing naphtha with the prepared pigment, adding the pigment and naphtha to parafiin oil heated approximately to 140 F. and stirring until the color is uniformly distributed.

7. That method of making a non-drying stain which comprises preparing pigment by grinding it in oil at the rate of substantially 20% oil to 100% pigment adding naphtha to the prepared plg ment, heating clean and light-colored No. 5 arafiin oil approximately'to 140 F., and stirring the mixture to distribute the coloring matter throughout the oil, the proportions beingsubstantially one gallon of oil, sixteen ounces of naphtha, and sufficient pigment to attain'the desired depth of color.

Signed by me at Marlboro, Massachusetts this 1st day of October, 1931.

. DONAT A. BRODEUR. 

